If we are interested in the inner culture, we must consider that the seeds that come from outside plants, although are of good quality needed an adaptation to artificial means and this I will be able to take generations of selected seeds to obtain good results. This takes it doing in Holland with many means and during aos. At the present time they count on an ample catélogo of seeds of quality assured for all type of cultures. In the inner culture gené tica stays if they are created the favorable conditions month and the plants were crossed that better adapt to the microclimate created under the artificial light.
This demonstrated that gené tica of a seed is the factor important month so that the end item is of quality. A bad seed in the best conditions can give to a great plant but without resin nor scent. The seeds must have “pedigre” or lineage.
The plant has two phases in its life, the vegetative growth and the formation of flowers, thing that happens when the plant perceives that the duration of the solar period of light is used excessive respect, that is to say, that approaches the autumn. When the night gives begins to be but short that, the plant to whatever enter period of flowering the size that has reached.
In interiors, it has been discovered that the time of exhibition to the artificial light can be forced the flowering manipulating, when the plant has the height that is desired.
Here you have information on a self-supplying system already proven, in that they are possible to be gathered of three to five harvests to the year, depending on the complexity of the system.
It is much simple month to adapt a seed of interior to outside that to the inverse one.
The light of the sun has many ultra-violet rayses that burned to a plant swelling under artificial light, if is put under it this change of abrupt form.
If on the contrary this change is made the acclimatization gradually be perfect. It agrees to improvise a small conservatory with pléstico or similar until they can support the direct light. Many planters of outside begin the plantation in interiors. There are seeds apt as much for interior as for conservatory.
To adapt a plant of outside to interior is not worth the trouble. Pedigri are seeds of `” apt for balconies with good results. The problem of the outer culture is that although great plants are cultivated, these are exposed during months to the climate and the plagues, and single there is a harvest per year.
Illumination of the marijuana
During many years the fluorescent ones for the growth of plants without sun have been used. Despus was used lémparas of steam of mercury, although without great improvements. From the appearance of lémparas of high pressure: those of sodium steam (HPS) and those of metlicos halogenuros (MH), that usually are used in the public lighting system (freeways, parks, stages, etc. ), demés has remained old fashioned, although the fluorescent ones can be continued using. (they are idneos for certain phases of the process).
The incandescent lights and the halogenous ones, are not of ours interé s. They do not give the suitable phantom and if much heat and consumption.
Those of type MH, they are ideal for vegetative growth and they are apt for germination and clonación (esquejes). They give a generally white light, existing diverse tones.
Those of type HPS, they are ideal for flowering and apt for growth. Usually they give a light of orange color, although already new tonalities have been obtained, even white sodium.
Fluorescent of the type cool white (color 33) and those of the type gro-luxe, are ideal for clonación and germination.
If there is month no remedy, with any lamp of high pressure or even with a good assembly of fluorescent, all the cycle can be made. The powers of these lémparas (HP) are of 150, 250, 400 and 1000 W. The differences of price between one of smaller power and another one of greater, are minimum, however the results are very different. They are not recommendable 250 powers smaller to W.
Lémparas of high pressure takes very heavy ballasts and must be or subject with chains or pulleys. The ballasts separate, and slo can be mounted to hold to the screen and the light bulb to a pulley, since the light to have to be raising as the plants grow. It is essential to consult with a specialist to know how to install a lamp of these characteristics well, if knowledge are not had on electricity. This warning agrees, but by the danger that entraa an installation badly done, that by the complexity of the assembly that is not so.
In order to obtain a yield similar to a HP with fluorescent, to require a quite heavy assembly and of difficult handling. We have to think that watio of light of a lamp of high pressure gives to month light that a watt of fluorescent light.
There are supports with circular or lateral movement where one or several settles lémparas, managing to double the plantation criminal, although they are expensive.
Lémparas MH, the inclinations require to work in horizontal altering their yield, serious advisable to use a work level. Some models work in vertical, but with smaller yield.
Recommended lights. : Sodium light bulb SON-T LAND 400 W of PHILIPS, ideal for growth and flowering.
400 sodium light bulb SON-T W of PHILIPS, ideal for flowering.
These two light bulbs, can go mounted in kit with ideal screen and balastros for a criminal of 180×60 cm (SGR 200 of PHILIPS)
Light bulb of 400 metlicos halogenuros HPI-T W, with kit (support + screen + balastros) mgr 300 of PHILIPS.
About case of using fluorescent that they are not previously recommended, we must think that blue or the cold ones are month apt for growth and the red ones or célidos are for flowering.
In the system that month she advanced to explain itself, iluminarén two criminals of 180×60 cm. One of growth, illuminated with a 400 HPI of W. with a assembly of four fluorescent of 120 cm and two round ones of 30 cm for the lateral ones. And the other criminal, illuminated with a HPS 400 type SON-T of W.
The distances recommended from the light to the ends of the plants depend on the type and the power of the lamp: using fluorescent the distance I will stay between 5 and 15 cm. The distance for a 400 HPS of W. I will stay between 50 and 60 cm.
Some species hold less distance, but the superior leaves bend upwards, is that, they are too much near the light.
The luminance necessities of the marijuana, according to Rosenthal, are of between 1000 and 3000 lumen’ s by square foot to the recommended distance.
Average of culture
The culture means are what commonly we come to call earth. From the Earth that can be taken advantage of an old flowerpot until the sophisticated month used inorgénica mixture in hidrópicos cultures in which the food is provided of form measured in the water travé s of ingenious systems of automated irrigation is a long way. In a first system I will not be wanted to use something so complicated, but either something of so few guarantees. Everything what is used must be sterilized and originating old territories of the outside are not due to use, because they can have plagues, (can be boiled the Earth although he is very arduous). The mixtures for interior plants that sell packed usually are sterilized. (It must indicate it).
The ideal is to be made the one own mixture separately buying the materials. Podramos to define three bésicas characteristics of the materials to use in a mixture:
1.NUTRIENTE, that contributes the elements that the plant needs for its development.
2.RETENTOR OF WATER, that allows that the water is absorbed or to adheres to its surface
3.AIREADOR DRENADOR, that allows that the water drains with facility and avoids that the mixture is very compact.
The average ideal estara composed of a mixture that combined the three elements well.
In hidropnicos cultures the used mixtures are totally inorgénicas and lack nutrients (they are provided by the water).
In traditional cultures orgénicos materials without sterilizing are used. Here semiorgnicas mixtures but all with sterilized materials set out solely, because we thought that cmodo is the month if it does not want one to introduce itself in the world of the hidropnicos cultures, which is very interesting.
Orgénicos materials:
Vegetal substratum: “prepared earth” for plants of interior with vegetal matter in decomposition. It has much food and tambié n retains much water, because they add retentores to him of humidity. By itself it does not have good ventilation nor drainage, but it is a good nutrient to add to the mixture.
Crowd of spagnum: excellent nutrient and retentor. The mayora of crowds that commercialize themselves, they are of spagnum, and is one of the components of the prepared ones for plants before mentioned.
Humus of lombriz: tambié n known like “vigorhumus”, is literally product of lombrices of earth. It is a great nutrient and a idneo element for a mixture. It does not retain the humidity with facility. Applying a work of humus over the mixture it maintains the surface dry, because when watering fleet and returns to settle to the absorbed being the water. This sterilized.
Orgénicos installments: be compound of orgénica matter of origin animal (estié rcol) vegetal in decomposition. There are several types, “steer manure”, “compost”, etc. They are excellent nutrients but usually they are not sterilized (they can take eggs of insects, esporas or seeds of bad grass).
Heavy sand: of that it is used in jardinera, for aquariums, or even of which it is used in construction, although it must be washed. It has the same characteristics that the vermiculita but with greater drainage and much month weight.
Porespn: He is hidrofbico reason why it drains and it airs wonderfully. It is possible to be used in small balls in pequeos trocitos. By its great lightness it is a good component, even like drainage bottom.
Foam: cut in pequeos trocitos of approximately 1 cm3. It is possible to be added to the mixtures because it incredibly retains the water simultaneously that airs. It does not drain and she is very light. It does not agree that it excels by the surface because can rust. He is advisable that is sinté tica then some foam (sponges) rot.
Rock wool (rockwool): tambié n is an insulating thermus-acstico. It is fiber glass of yellow color. It is used as average only in hidrópicos and usually it does not comprise of the mixtures. It retains the water and it allows good ventilation which causes that it is good means of germination. Rockwool tends to basificar the water reason why he is advisable to water with a low PH to balance and to add to the water the food. It is very préctico means if it is used with knowledge, and sera a first passage in the culture of plants without earth. It must be handled dunked and he is reciclable. It is used in blocks or crumbled and containers. The book “Rockwool Gardening” of V exists. Patten, and tambié n can be obtained a information month applied to our culture and that average speech of month in the book “Marijuana hidroponics” of D. Storm.
The propose mixtures next take between a 40-50% of orgénica matter and 50-60% of inorgénica, avoiding to have to pay in the first weeks. The inorgénicos materials are reciclables, and even the mixtures if the free from roots and adds new orgénica matter to them
3 PARTS OF (humus of lombriz, disturbs and/or substratum) choosing or combining.
2 PARTS OF (pearlite, arlita, wash and/or porespan)
1 PART OF (vermiculita, sponge sand and/or pieces) Are very advisable to add a dust cup of dolomita (carbonate of calcium and magnesium) by each 10 liters of mixture, aid to stabilize the PH and contribute magnesium of slow form, thing that agrees for the development of the plant. If it is not had dolomita, magnesium salts can be added.
Other mixtures podrén to be: disturb-pearlite or disturbs-arlita to 50%, I will be able to be used humus instead of crowd or to be combined the four to equal parts. All mixture really must fulfill the qualities before mentioned, varindolas slightly based on the regular who is wanted to water or as large as the containers.
Containers
We have to think that in the nature the plants do not have limits the growth of their roots In interiors we must cultivate in containers, which to limit the growth of the same ones. We pruned to establish a minimum cubicaje of the containers to be able with no need to support all the cycle of transplants, thing that traumatiza to the plant and extends the process.
We can say that the contained minimum of a flowerpot must be of 6 liters, and if we used flowerpots of month of 12 liters cleared space to us to be able to cultivate I number of plants ideal in the criminal available. Within these you limit we will use the containers of greater possible content, which to give a greater harvest. The great containers month darén the best plants, if we planted two clones of a same plant mother in two containers of different size and we give cares such them, the one that grows in greater of the containers to be the much developed month and with great cogollos month. Flowerpots of between 25 and 35 cm. of dimetro or side and similar height us irén well for our intentions.
It agrees to handle light materials to us, because the plants are due to turn on themselves periodically to obtain a growth even uniforms and to change them of place. Therefore the containers of pléstico irén better than the old mud flowerpots. Also, each plant needs an individual container (min. 6 ls. x plants), reason why the very précticas jardineras not us serén. >>
The flowerpots must be in a bucket common, type of which they are used for the fotogréfico revealed one, or of jardinera, or made with heavy rubber. Tambié n inflatable swimming pools for nios are used. The bucket allows that the plant can soon reuse the water that drains by the holes of the base of the flowerpot, if this is common to all the plants, the water that him on a one can need it another one. If you are not nothing day old it uses individual plates, or pequeas buckets month that several plants fit. He is advisable that the mixture (earth) does not touch to the water directly that is deposited in the bucket, reason why a bottom of drainage in the base of the flowerpot is due to put before introducing the mixture. The drainage to avoid this contact and to avoid to lose means. There are systems in which the flowerpots are elevated centimeters by means of supports over the water level, this is sucked to travé s of prudent thicknesses of nylon that are introduced in means by the drainage holes, (always it agrees to leave some hole free). This system to allow to leave to water in the bucket and the plants sucks it according to their necessities, which allows to water with less assiduity. If the light arrives at the water suspended in the bucket formed seaweed nonwished, to avoid covering it the hollows that are between the containers. This system of “wick” is similar to used in the flowerpots the car-irrigation of sale in “garden them to center”, with the difference that the deposit (bucket), is common, however this type of flowerpots, although a control can give to an excellent result requerirén individualized month. The wick can be introduced by the holes of the base of the flowerpot whenever it is left some free one, or new holes for such aim near the base can be practiced.
The means are due to dampen thanks to the suction of the wick, S.A. end of awhile the water do not arrive at the surface, mean that the suction is not sufficient, reason why the wick to have to arrive month above or does lack month wicks, or the means are not sufficiently porous to use it with this system. In case that too much dunks (nonadvisable thing because the plants must pass periods dry), or exceeds wicks, or arrives very above or the means do not have sufficient capacity of drainage. The difficult thing is to find the point between the porosity of means and the amount of wick, but once found it is a very comfortable system. Although a support is used and the means do not touch the water directly is advisable to put a little means of drainage at heart of the container to avoid that the “earth” by the free holes escapes. If the drainage base is very great podrén to directly lean the flowerpots in the bucket with no need of supports, and even with no need of wicks if the means are the sufficiently porous thing, because the roots penetrated in this drainage and would suck the water directly obtaining similar results to the system with supports. The advisable wicks serén if a less frequent irrigation is desired. The thickness of the drainage to determine the level méximo of water
The wick can be introduced by the holes of the base of the flowerpot whenever it is left some free one, or new holes for such aim near the base can be practiced.
The means are due to dampen thanks to the suction of the wick, S.A. end of awhile the water do not arrive at the surface, mean that the suction is not sufficient, reason why the wick to have to arrive month above or does lack month wicks, or the means are not sufficiently porous to use it with this system. In case that too much dunks (nonadvisable thing because the plants must pass periods dry), or exceeds wicks, or arrives very above or the means do not have sufficient capacity of drainage. The difficult thing is to find the point between the porosity of means and the amount of wick, but once found cmodo is a system very. Although a support is used and the means do not touch the water directly is advisable to put a little means of drainage at heart of the container to avoid that the “earth” by the free holes escapes. If the drainage base is very great podrén to directly lean the flowerpots in the bucket with no need of supports, and even with no need of wicks if the means are the sufficiently porous thing, because the roots penetrated in this drainage and would suck the water directly obtaining similar results to the system with supports. The advisable wicks serén if a less frequent irrigation is desired. The thickness of the drainage to determine the level méximo of water
Environmental conditions
It is important to know the conditions climatologic that we want to create at the time of choosing the idnea location for the assembly. The cannabis plants are able to support temperatures of between 10 and 40 degrees Celsius, detenindose the growth in sayings you limit the temperature to have to stay between 17 and 30 degrees being 24 degrees the idnea. Logically the temperature descends during the dark period. With very high temperatures the plants spend much of their energy in dissipating the heat and the very low temperatures can get to kill them. The marijuana is able to absorb an amount of carbonic anhydride (CO2) of the air, in a much greater concentration to the one than it is in the atmosphere. The air contains a 0,003% of CO2 and the plants almost experience an increase of the growth of the double one under CO2 concentrations of the 0,015%. Systems exist on sale to increase the level of CO2 in the assembly.
There is a book on the subject applied to this type of cultures: (CO2, Temperature and Humidity ” by D. Gold. ). Applying these té cnicas the process is used excessive respect and greater production is obtained, although the growth must be regulated then to the being répido month very well needs a continued supervision month.
Although the CO2 is colorless, odorless and he is not inflammable, can be dangerous to escape you limit them established. In any case a great result of as much sophistication can be obtained with no need. The simple fresh air contribution of the outside (leaked, by all means) to contribute necessary CO2 to us.
The air must be moved by means of a ventilator inside the system, to assure that the fresh air arrives at all the garden. The system to need a air intake, that can come from the outside by means of suction and filtrate, or same stay where the assembly settles if this sufficiently ample and is ventilated. To be necessary an exit of this air by means of an extractor to the outside, or a second assembly and of this other to the outside.
In summary, an entrance filtered needs with or without extractor, an exit with extractor and a ventilator in the superior part of the interior of the assembly so that this air circulates, agree that the plants move slightly. The ventilators work when the light works, although they are possible to be programmed by means of timers. Of course ace we will not increase the percentage of CO2 in the system, but we will avoid that it descends. The gas stoves and heaters increase the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, although they can cause problems with the temperature (we must think that lémparas darén heat). The visits to the garden. serén thanked for by the plants then our breathing to increase the level of carbonic anhydride of the atmosphere.
The plants give off scent, coverall in certain phases of the process. If this could be a problem, the use of ionizadores of air is advised. The humidity of the atmosphere agrees to maintain it between the 40 and 60%, the use of a thermometer-hygrometer with méximas and minims of give serious advisable.
The measures of the system depend partly on the power of the light, although we have to think that the plants approximately medirén a meter of stop, month the height of the flowerpot, month the distance between the light and the plants and the thickness of the light with the chains and anchorage, necessary being a height of by the minuses two meters. If it is not had as much height are possible to be forced the plants to flowering before and in greater I number harvesting ace one legin of “bonsis” or to double ends.
The criminal recommended here is of 180×60, approximately 1 square meter. If two simulténeos assemblies, one of growth and another one of flowering become, to require greater height this last one. It is necessary that the assemblies are watertight to the light, coverall in the phase of flowering, where it interests that during the “night”, the dark is total. Also it is advised that these walls are refractantes in their interior, and that the material del that is done collaborates to create the ideal climatic conditions. If our problem is the cold walls covered of they porexpan simultaneously conserved the temperature to us that refractarn the light. And if our problem is of excess of temperature, metal plates can be used. A stone wall simply to paint itself of target, the white color is a great refractante.
We pruned to say that to the serious ideal site a cellar because usually they are a similar climate throughout the year old, but can be installed in any room, closet, attic, etc. It is better than this moved away of gardens or any type of vegetation because it can bring very probleméticas plagues to us. The cleaning of hands and change of month clothes not this if an orchard or garden has worked in., or if it comes from the field. Also he is not advisable to introduce in the assembly originating plants of the outside or other sum < Procedure
In interiors, the plants are put under ré they moan of light of a minimum of 18 hours during the period of growth, although some cultivators maintain that during this phase the plants do not need rest, while they have sufficient water contribution and light, reason why put under them ré they moan continuous of 24 hours of light. The difference between both regimes is based in the duration of the phase of growth (hours of light = growth). If it is necessary by some reason to have the dull lights at some time of gives, he is better to give 18 hours them of light, never less. If there is no disadvantage he is better to use the system of ré they moan continuous (24 hours of light), lémparas thank for it, because the successive ignitions and extinguished shorten the life to them. (he is advisable waited for one half an hour if it is wanted to return to ignite a lamp of high pressure after a dull one or one desconexin). Ré they moan chosen to be constant.
We can cause the flowering when we wish it, with the simple procedure to shorten the diurnal period to 12 hours. The 12 hours at night forced to the plant to bloom, is important that the dark is total, pollution of light at those moments can avoid that the cogollos are developed correctly. (The use of timers is forced because the periods must be exact. )
Since the lights do not penetrate with the wished power much month of 60-80 cm from the safe distance, it does not agree to let grow much the plants vegetative, because during the flowering they can arrive to double its size and to exceed the measures that we wished. (The marijuana in the nature usually measures between 1 ′ 5 and 3 meters according to species).
Somehow we are creating “bonséis” of marijuana to size. The recommended heights to initiate the flowering process (12 hours da/12 hours night), we will limit them between a minimum of or 20 cm. and méximo of 38 cm. According to the height of our system and the power of lémparas we will look for the ideal height between sayings you limit after our necessities. If we cultivated different species it can that they require to be taken to flowering to different heights. Medirén between 60 cm. does not agree much that the plants exceed the meter and means, upon the maturity. and 1 meter. If some goes off him it can double to the end with a wire or a thread.
The direction of the growth of a plant can be dominated voluntarily. The end contains an inhibitor that avoids that the lateral branches surpass the height of the end, this to give cogollo great and powerful month. With the simple fact to cut or to double the end, that inhibitor is neutralized and the lateral branches struggle for being the high month, with which the plant grows wide and graft month, month is recommended to almost double the plant from half, before to cut it. The plants that grow tall irén being placed in the lateral ones of the system so that they do not make shade to other but low ones.
The used method to be the well-known like “sinsemilla” or “sensi”, (American word that comes from our language). With said mé everything we will be able to collect great resinous and free cogollos of seeds. (if they are desired they can produce in few amounts according to vendré explained)
The marijuana has two sexes and sometimes they appear hermafroditas plants. The greater concentration of THC is in the cogollos that form the plants females. The males hardly if they contain this substance reason why do not interest their culture (if one is cultivated exceptionally is by the necessity to produce seeds).
The males produce polen (whom appreciable THC does not contain), that insemina the flowers of the females forming seeds, if the female is totally polinizada lets form flowers to develop the seeds with which the pequeos and stuffed cogollos serén but of multitude of seeds. On the contrary if we separated the males from the system at the beginning of the flowering, the females develop great floral submissions (cogollos) in an attempt to catch the nonexistent one polen, in the end they end up maturing “virgin” and giving a harvest of auté ntica “sinsemilla” that against which some create, is a culture system, not a type of marijuana. The first step to be to obtain that the seed germinates thing not always easy.
